samaas samaas hindee vyaakaran









samaas
 samaas hindee vyaakaran ka ek pramukh bhaag hai . hamen hindee ke gyaan ke lie hindee vyaakaran mein hamen jin mukhy prakaranon ka gyaan aavashyak hai samaas unamen se ek hain. samaas ke gyaan ke abhaav mein ham hindee bhaasha ka poorn gyaan praapt nahin kar sakate. isalie samaas hindee vyaakaran ka ek mahatvapoorn prakaran ya bhaag hai jisaka gyaan hona hona hamaare lie atyaavashyak hai. ham samaas prakaran mein nimn binduon ka adhyayan karengen:- 
🔘 samaas : arth evan paribhaasha :- samaas shabd se milakar bana hai jisaka arth hota hai - . samaas shabd se taatpary hai - sankshipteekaran. saamaany arth mein shabdon ka chhota ya laghuttam roop samaas kahalaata hai. arthaat ham saral shabdon mein kah sakate hain ki do ya adhik shabdon ko chhota karake ya sankshipt roop mein likhana hee samaas kahalaata hain. samaas mein prayukt hone vaalee kuchh saamaany shabdaavalee:- 
📌(1)👉 poorvapad:- samaas vigrah karane par hamen jo do saarthak shabd ya pad praapt hote hai unamen se pratham shabd/pad praapt hota hai vah poorvapad kahalaata hai. udaaharan: jaise- neelakanth shabd ka samaas vigrah karane par hamen neel va kanth do shabd praapt hote hai. isamen neel shabd poorvapad kahalaata hai. 
📌(2)👉uttarapad:- uttarapad arthaat baad ka pad ya shabd. samaas vigrah karane par hamen jo do saarthak shabd ya pad praapt hote hai unamen se dusara ya antim shabd/pad uttarapad kahalaata hai. udaaharan: jaise- neelakanth shabd ka samaas vigrah karane par hamen neel va kanth do shabd praabhee bhaagamabhaag= hamesha bhaagadaud ya nirantar bhaagana yaaden hee yaaden= keval yaaden 
niyama4:- do samaan padon se milakar bana avyay pad. jaise- haathonhaath = haath hee haath mein ya usee pal raatonraat = raat hee raat mein ya usee raat ekaek = ek ke baad/pashchaat ek niyama5 :- sanskrt ke upasarg yukt pad. jaise - nagany = ganana/ginane yogy nahin atut = jo na tute/tuta ho. 2⃣ tatpurush samaas :- tatpurush mein uttarapad pradhaan hota hai. isamen praayah poorvapad visheshan aur uttarapad visheshy hota hai . isee kaaran se uttarapad pradhaan hota hai. tatpurush mein padon ke beech ke kaarak vibhakti chinh ka lop ho jaata hai. kaarak chinhon ke lop ke aadhaar par isako chhah upabhedon mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hain. tatpurush ke nimn chhah upabhed maane gaye hain - 
1 ▪karm tatpurush samaas 
2▪karan tatpurush samaas 
3▪sampradaan tatpurush samaas
4▪apaadaan tatpurush samaas 
5▪sambandh tatpurush samaas 
6▪adhikaran tatpurush samaas. 


1 ▪karm tatpurush samaas :- 
jis tatpurush samaas mein karm kaarak ke vibhakti chinh (ko) ka lop hota ho vahaan par karm tatpurush samaas hota hai. jaise- yashapraapt= yash ko praapt. manohar= man ko harane vaala. 


2▪karan tatpurush samaas :-
 jis tatpurush samaas mein karan kaarak ke vibhakti chinh (se, ke dvaara ) ka lop hota ho vahaan par karan tatpurush samaas hota hai. jaise- vedavyaasakrt=ved vyaas ke dvaara rachit. rogagrast = rog se grast. 


3▪sampradaan tatpurush samaas:- 
  jis tatpurush samaas mein sampradaan kaarak ke vibhakti chinh (ke lie ) ka lop hota ho vahaan par sampradaan tatpurush samaas hota hai. jaise - hindeevibhaag= hindee ke lie vibhaag. ranabhoomi = ran ke lie bhoomi. 

4▪apaadaan tatpurush samaas :- 

jis tatpurush samaas mein apaadaan kaarak ke vibhakti chinh (se ) ka lop hota ho vahaan par apaadaan tatpurush samaas hota hai. jaise- gyaanaheen= gyaan se heen. vrksharahit= vrksh se rahit.

5▪sambandh tatpurush samaas :- 

jis tatpurush samaas mein sambandh kaarak ke vibhakti chinh (ka,ke,kee ) ka lop hota ho vahaan par sambandh tatpurush samaas hota hai. jaise- grhasvaaminee= grh kee svaaminee. svaadheen = sv ke adheen. vaayuyaan = vaayu ka yaan. 


6▪adhikaran tatpurush samaas :- 
 jis tatpurush samaas mein adhikaran kaarak ke vibhakti chinh (mein, par) ka lop hota ho vahaan par adhikaran tatpurush samaas hota hai. jaise- aatmanirbhar = aatm/khud par nirbhar . purushottam = purooshon mein uttam. 

3⃣ karmadhaaray samaas:- 
mool rup se karmadhaaray samaas tatpurush samaas ka hee ek prakaar hai parantu hindee vyaakaran mein karmadhaaray samaas ko samaas ke pramukh chhah bhedon/prakaaron mein se ek maana jaata hai. karmadhaaray samaas mein donon pad pradhaan hote hain. jis samaas mein donon/sabhee pad (poorvapad va uttarapad ) pradhaan ho , donon padon ke ling va vachan bhee samaan ho tatha vahaan visheshan-visheshy ka bhaav utpann hota ho vahaan par karmadhaaray samaas hota hai. arthaat saral shabdon mein kahe to jis samaas ke donon pad pradhaan ho tatha unamen visheshan-visheshy ya upamey-upamaan ka sambandh ho to vahaan par karmadhaaray samaas hota hai. karmadhaaray samaas ke bhee 4 upabhed hote hai :- 
1 ▪visheshan poorvapad karmadhaaray samaas .
 2▪visheshy poorvapad karmadhaaray samaas . 
3▪visheshanobhayapad karmadhaaray samaas .
 4▪visheshyobhayapad karmadhaaray samaas . 
udaaharan - jaise- mahaadev = mahaan hai jo dev ya bhagavaan shiv. mahaaveer= mahaan hai jo veer ya hanumaan. charanakamal= kamal ke samaan/tuly hai jo charan. 


4⃣ dvigu samaas:- 
jis saamaasik pad mein poorvapad sankhyaavaachak visheshan ho vahaan par dvigu samaas hota hai. dvigu samaas ke bhee do upabhed hote hai - 
1 ▪samaahaar dvigu samaas. 
2▪upapad dvigu samaas. 

5⃣ dvand samaas:- 
jis samaas mein donon pad pradhaan ho tatha us saamaasik pad ka vigrah karane par poorvapad va uttarapad ke beech mein aur/athava/evan/ya shabdon ka prayog ho vah dvandv samaas kahalaata hai. dvandv samaas ke 3 upabhed hai - 
1 ▪ityettar dvandv samaas.
 2▪samaahaar dvandv samaas. 
3▪vaikalpik dvandv samaas. 

dvandv samaas ke udaaharan - ann-jal= ann aur/evan jal. thannda-garm= thannda ya/athava garm. raadha-krshn = raadha aur/evan krshn . 


6⃣ bahuvreehi samaas:- 
jis samaas mein ubhayapad apradhaan ho tatha anyapad/samastapad/saamaasik pad pradhaan ho. bahuvreehi samaas mein poorvapad va uttarapad donon hee apradhaan hote hai tatha samaas karane par praapt teesara yaanee saamaasik ya samastapad jisakee aur donon pad sanket karate hai vahee pradhaan hota hai. 
jaise- veenaapaani=veena hai paani/kar/haath mein jisake arthaat sarasvatee. chakrapaani = veena hai paani/kar/haath mein jisake arthaat vishnu. neelakanth = neela hai kanth jisaka arthaat shiv. peetaambar= peet hai ambar jisaka arthaat vishnu. chaturaanan= chaar hai aanan/sar jisake arthaat brahma. lambodar= lamba hai udar/pet jisaka arthaat ganesh.

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